The emergence of carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is a significant concern since carbapenem currently is the treatment of choice for severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains producing ESBLs. In recent decades, an upsurge in the evolution and spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), have been reported worldwide. The majority of un-complicated UTI cases are treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 15% of all antibiotics prescribed in the community are used to treat UTIs, and this corresponds to over usage. and non-fermenting organisms, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-negative bacteria have been implicated as the prominent and putative causative agents of UTI, including the members of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. Nowadays, UTI is considered a serious global public health menace, and the annual incidence amounts to almost 150 million, resulting in healthcare costs of 6 billion US $. It is labelled as the second most common cause of bacteremia in hospitalized patients. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common bacterial infection affecting all ages, irrespective of sex, in the community, whereas they are the most common hospital-acquired infections. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: MaAccepted: DecemPublished: December 30, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Mitiku et al. PLoS ONE 17(12):Įditor: Guadalupe Virginia Nevárez-Moorillón, Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, MEXICO Our findings highlight the need for periodic regional bacteriological surveillance programs to guide empirical antibiotic therapy of UTI.Ĭitation: Mitiku A, Aklilu A, Tsalla T, Woldemariam M, Manilal A, Biru M (2022) Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-Negative bacterial isolates among patients suspected of urinary tract infections in Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Carbapenemase producers were resistant to most of the antibiotics tested. Consumption of antibiotics prior to six months of commencement of the study, the presence of chronic diseases and hospitalizations were statistically associated with UTI caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 5) was the predominant carbapenemase producer, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens was 12.9%, and 64.7% of them were carbapenemase producers. Totally, 422 patients were included, and the majority were females (54.7%). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique, and potential carbapenemase producers were phenotypically determined by the modified carbapenem inactivation method as per the CLSI guidelines. Positive urine cultures showing significant bacteriuria as per the Kass count (>10 5 CFU/mL) were further subjected to biochemical tests to identify the type of uropathogens. Midstream urine specimens were collected and inoculated onto MacConkey agar.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at title hospital from 01 June to 31 August 2020. Therefore, measuring the extent of their drug resistance is essential for developing strategies to confine the spread. The emergence of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens poses a grave threat worldwide, howbeit studies on their magnitude are limited in most African countries, including Ethiopia.
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